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How do you know if you really slept well last night? Perhaps this sounds familiar. Yesterday you went to bed early. You turned off your phone, avoided coffee after six, even skipped that episode of your favorite show. And yet, this morning you woke up tired. What happened? Did you really sleep well? And how could you observe it if… you were asleep? This apparently trivial question hides one of the deepest problems in science: how can we objectively know something when the ver

Imagine you train a robot to be a perfect chef. You teach it thousands of recipes, show it impeccable techniques, and in cooking tests it achieves 95% accuracy. Then you take it to a real restaurant and... disaster strikes. It doesn't know what to do when an ingredient runs out, when a customer orders something off the menu, or when the kitchen is on fire (literally). Your robot lacks the capacity for improvisation and adaptation that a human possesses. This, in essence, is w

Let me start with a question: how many decisions have you made today? From which route to take to work, what to have for breakfast, how much time to dedicate to each task... All these choices, however mundane they may seem, have something in common: you're trying to optimize something. Perhaps minimize wasted time, maximize your energy, or find the best balance between effort and result. Optimization isn't just an abstract mathematical concept reserved for engineers and scien

The Numbers That Don't Add Up Imagine someone spending $100,000 to set up a business that only generates $10,000 a year. Normally this would be a red flag that would make more than a few people rethink the business model. But this is, on a much more epic scale, what's happening right now in the AI sector. In 2025, global investment in AI infrastructure will reach $558 billion dollars . It's a dizzying figure. To put it in perspective, it's more than the GDP of entire countrie

Did you know that if you had invested $100 in the 'Magnificent Seven' (Nvidia, Apple, Microsoft, Google, Tesla, Meta, and Amazon) a decade ago, today you would have more than $4,400? Tempting, indeed. So why not concentrate your entire equity portfolio in that sector? However, as Vanguard wisely points out in a recent article : " You can always find some asset that outperforms your diversified portfolio " (Why not invest in NVIDIA instead of the magnificent seven?). This over